The T.INV function in Google Sheets is a statistical tool used to determine the critical value for a given probability in a one-tailed Student’s t-distribution. This function is vital for hypothesis testing and confidence intervals, particularly when dealing with small sample sizes.

Syntax

T.INV(probability, degrees_freedom)  
 
probability: A value between 0 and 1 representing the cumulative probability for which you want to estimate the t-value.
 
degrees_freedom: An integer representing the degrees of freedom associated with the t-distribution.
 
 

Example #1

T.INV(0.05, 10)  

This call calculates the t-value for a one-tailed test with a significance level of 0.05 and 10 degrees of freedom. The result would be approximately -1.812.

Example #2

T.INV(0.01, 20)  

With this function call, you can find the t-value corresponding to a cumulative probability of 0.01 and 20 degrees of freedom. The result would be around -2.528.

Example #3

T.INV(0.10, 5)  

This example will yield the t-value for a cumulative probability of 0.10 with 5 degrees of freedom. The result is expected to be about -1.476.

Error handling

• NUM! This error occurs if “probability” is less than or equal to 0 or greater than 1.
• VALUE! This error happens when “degrees_freedom” is not a numeric value or is not an integer.

Conclusion

The T.INV function is an essential component for statisticians and researchers using Google Sheets, allowing for efficient calculations of t-values associated with specific probabilities in one-tailed tests. Utilizing this function correctly can enhance the rigor of data analysis and research findings, particularly in scenarios with limited sample sizes.