The INDIRECT function in Google Sheets is a powerful tool designed to return a cell reference specified by a string. This function allows users to dynamically reference cells, enabling more flexible formulas and calculations. It can be particularly useful when working with ranges or referencing sheets within the same document, providing the capability to adjust references without altering the formulas directly.

Syntax

INDIRECT(ref_text, [a1])

• ref_text: This is the reference supplied as a text string. It should specify a cell or range.
• [a1]: This is an optional argument that, if set to TRUE or omitted, interprets ref_text in A1-style notation. If FALSE, ref_text is treated as R1C1-style notation.

Example #1

INDIRECT("A1")

This function retrieves the value found at cell A1. If A1 contains the number 10, the result will be 10.

Example #2

INDIRECT("B2:C3")

This call returns the range specified, allowing access to multiple cells at once. If B2 holds 5 and C3 holds 15, the result would reflect that range, depending on how it is manipulated further in formulas.

Example #3

INDIRECT("Sheet2!D1")

This function accesses cell D1 on Sheet2. If D1 contains the text “Hello”, the result will be “Hello”.

Error handling

• REF! This error occurs when the ref_text argument refers to a cell or range that does not exist. Ensure the cell reference is valid.
• VALUE! This error indicates that the formula is incorrectly formatted. Check for proper syntax and correct use of quotes in text strings.
• NAME? This error results if ref_text is a name that Google Sheets doesn’t recognize. Verify that named ranges are correctly defined.

Conclusion

In summary, the INDIRECT function is an essential tool in Google Sheets that enhances the flexibility and dynamic nature of references within your spreadsheets. By enabling references through text strings, it provides users with the capability to create more adaptable and insightful formulas, driving better data management and analysis.