The LINEST function in Google Sheets is a powerful tool designed for statistical analysis, specifically to provide insights into linear relationships. Utilizing the least-squares method, this function calculates essential parameters of a linear trend, making it invaluable for data analysis and interpretation in various fields such as finance, science, and social research.

Syntax

LINEST(known_data_y, [known_data_x], [const], [stats])

• known_data_y: The dependent variable data points. This is the data you are trying to predict.
• known_data_x: The independent variable data points. This optional parameter represents the values affecting the dependent variable.
• const: A boolean indicating whether to calculate the y-intercept. If TRUE (or omitted), it calculates the intercept; if FALSE, it forces the intercept to zero.
• stats: A boolean indicating whether to return additional regression statistics. If TRUE, it provides an array of statistics; if FALSE (or omitted), it returns only the coefficients.

Example #1

=LINEST(A1:A10, B1:B10)

This function calculates the parameters of the linear trend based on known y-values from A1 to A10 and corresponding x-values from B1 to B10. For instance, if A1:A10 contains values [2, 4, 6, 8, 10] and B1:B10 corresponds to [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], the result might be {2, 0} indicating a slope of 2 and an intercept of 0.

Example #2

=LINEST(A1:A10, B1:B10, TRUE, TRUE)

This function performs the same linear regression as the previous example but also returns additional statistics including R², standard error, and other relevant metrics. Given the same data, the output may yield values such as {2, 0, 5, 0, 1}, providing a comprehensive view of the linear relationship.

Example #3

=LINEST(A1:A10, , FALSE)

This function calculates the linear trend without including an intercept. Using the values from A1:A10 only, this might return a slope indicating the rate of change in the data. If A1:A10 contained [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], the output may be {1}.

Error handling

• VALUE! – This error occurs when the ranges provided are not compatible or contain non-numeric values. Ensure that all provided data ranges include only numbers.
• N/A – This error appears if LINEST cannot calculate a valid result due to insufficient or inappropriate data. Check that the known data ranges contain adequate and relevant values.
• REF! – This error indicates that a reference is invalid, often due to ranges that reference cells outside of the available sheet area. Verify the ranges used in your function call are correct.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the LINEST function is an essential tool for anyone looking to analyze linear trends within their data. By leveraging the simple syntax and powerful statistical capabilities, users can quickly derive meaningful insights that can facilitate data-driven decision-making. Whether for academic research, business analytics, or personal projects, LINEST stands out as a vital resource in Google Sheets.